The Position of the USA within Discussions of the New World Order: between Leadership and Decline (E-Kitap)

Table of continent

Table of continent ......................................................................................................... III

Introduction ....................................................................................................................1

Chapter One: The historical and conceptual context of the international order (system). .........................................................................................................................7

I- The concept of the international order (system) .........................................................7

1- Definition of the international order (system)........................................................7

2- Strategic status (positoin) ......................................................................................8

3- Strategic competition .............................................................................................9

3-1 The linguistic concept of international strategic competition ..........................9

3-2 The conventional concept of strategic competition: ...................................... 10

4- Characteristics of the international order ............................................................. 10

4-1 Unipolarity: ................................................................................................... 11

4-2 Industrial technological revolution: ............................................................... 11

4-3 The multiplicity of international actors ......................................................... 12

4-4 Establishing economic blocs: ........................................................................ 12

4-5 The presence of nuclear weapons and the prevalence of the principle of nuclear balance of terror ............................................................................... 12

4-6 Decline of the role of international law and double standards: ..................... 12

4-7 Changing the concept of power and the emergence of regional organizations ................................................................................................ 14

4-8 Tendency towards large international blocs .................................................. 14

4-9 Technological Revolution ............................................................................. 14 IV

4-10 The characteristic of heterogeneity.............................................................. 15

4-11 Escalation of tensions and conflicts: ........................................................... 15

II- The Formation and Development of the International Order. ................................. 15

1- The collapse of the Eastern Bloc and the emergence of the United States as a global power. ....................................................................................................... 21

2- American power and the stage of striving for hegemony over the international system.................................................................................................................. 23

3- American monopoly of power and its impact on the international system. ......... 25

III- Theories of international relations in explaining the international system. ............ 26

1. Realism Theory. ................................................................................................... 27

1-1 The Intellectual Foundations of Realism ....................................................... 27

1-2 Axioms of Realist Analysis ........................................................................... 28

1-3 Principles of political realism ........................................................................ 30

2. The idealist school: .............................................................................................. 33

Chapter two: The increasing of United States of America’s role after the cold war. .............................................................................................................................. 37

I- Features of American global influence. ................................................................... 37

1- International interventions in the world. .............................................................. 38

1-1 Intervention in Somalia: ................................................................................ 39

2- Economic Sanctions............................................................................................. 40

2-1 The Case of Iraq ............................................................................................ 42

3- Political weight on international organizations .................................................... 42

3-1 The United Nations ....................................................................................... 43

3-2 The International Monetary Fund ................................................................. 43

3-3 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ..................... 44

3-4 World Trade Organization ............................................................................ 44

3-5 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ......................... 44

II- The repercussions of globalization and its effects on the countries of the world. ... 45

1- Spreading democracy and Americanization. ....................................................... 45

2- Globalization ....................................................................................................... 46 V

3- The dominance of American values. ................................................................... 47

4- Spreading democracy and human rights .............................................................. 48

5- The dominance of the capitalist model. ............................................................... 49

Capter three: Manifestations of the decline of American influence and the destabilization of the unipolar system. ..................................................................... 51

I- The Escalation of cost of the political and economic and military burden. ............. 51

1- Indicators of political decline .............................................................................. 53

2- The War on Iraq ................................................................................................... 54

3- Marginalizing the American role in Syria ........................................................... 54

4- Trump and the coup against American democracy .............................................. 55

II- The emergence of emerging powers in the international system ............................. 56

1- The American confrontation of the Chinese rise ................................................. 56

2- Russia's return to the international arena and its impact on American power ..... 58

3- European competition .......................................................................................... 59

III- The decline of the American role in the world. ...................................................... 59

1- The economic crisis of 2008. ............................................................................... 60

2- The Covid crisis: ................................................................................................. 61

3- The War on Terror ............................................................................................... 63

III- The possibility of shifting towards multipolarity. ................................................. 65

1- Reforming the United Nations: ............................................................................ 66

2- Expanding the membership of the Security Council ........................................... 68

3- The Multipolar System ........................................................................................ 69

4- American scenarios for dealing with the new world order and its political map: ..................................................................................................................... 70

Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 73

Bibliographie ................................................................................................................ 83